What is manufacturing

Manufacturing is the branch of production to creat products for use or sale purpose, in manufacturing process, labor and machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. 

It is the important secondary industry. Manufacturing is most commonly applied to industrial design, in which raw materials from primary industry are convert  into finished product on a large scale by using machines and tools of manufaturing process. 

Such product may be sold to other manufacturers for the production of other more complex products for example aircraft, household appliances, furniture, sports equipment or automobiles.

In Manufacturing engineering, or the manufacturing process, raw materials are transformed into a final product by using manufaturing process. 

So the first step in the manufacturing process, the product design, and materials specification from which the product is made. 

Raw materials are then convert into finish product through manufacturing processes to become the required part.

In Modern manufacturing process,  intermediate processes required in the production and integration of a product’s components. 

Some industries, e.g semiconductor and steel manufacturers, use the term fabrication instead.

The manufacturing sectors is used in  engineering and industrial design. For example of major manufacturers in North America include general dynamics, General Motors Corporation, Boeing, General Electric, Procter & Gamble, Pfizer, Precision Castparts, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. 

Examples in Europe include , Volkswagen Group, michelin, Siemens, and BASF. Examples in Asia include LG, Toyota, Yamaha, Panasonic,Tata Motors and samsung.

History and development

In earlier day, manufacturing was usually done by a single skilled artisan with his assistants. 

Training give to apprenticeship. In preindustrial world, the guild system protected the privileges and trade secrets of urban artisans.

In preindustrial world, most manufacturing  product produce in rural areas, in which  household based manufacturing used as a supplemental subsistence strategy to the agriculture (and continues to do so in places). Entrepreneurs organization convert a number of manufacturing households into a single enterprise through the putting out system.

The factory system was first developed in Britain at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century and later spread around the world. 

The main adavatage of the factory system is the most use of machinery, originally powered by water or steam and later by electricity. 

Factory system Increased use of economies of scale, the centralization of factories, and standardization of parts were developed in the American system of manufacturing in the 19th century.

The assembly line was created to assemble parts in a repeatable fashion, in this line  individual workers performing specific task during the process. From assembly line, increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. 

Later, automation was introduced to replace human operators by machines, a trend that has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot.

Manufacturing in the Soviet Union was based on collectivism.

Types of Manufacturing Processes

Machining

Machining is process of manufacturing in which different types of Tools used for machining to form or shape solid materials, this machining process are for specifically metals. 

The forming is done by removing  materials from a work-piece to convert into finish product. 

Machine tools are foundation of advanced industry and are utilized either indirectly or directly in the manufacturing process.

Types of machining process

A) Traditional Chip-making tools.

B) Presses.

C) Modern machine tools.

In traditional chip-making tools, umwanted material remove from work-piece to convert into finish product, material remove inthe form of chips. Presses have a several shaping processes, such as shearing, pressing, or elongating. 

Modern machine tools implement on light, electric powered, chemical, and sonic power; superheated gas; and high-energy compound beams to form the exotic supplies and materials that have been created to meet the requirements of modern technology.

Joining

Every joining approach has required design needs, while certain joint needs may required a particular joining approach. 

Design for assembly, and fastener selection apply their own specifications.

Bolting is a standard fastening method, but welding may cut down the weight of assemblies. 

Naturally, joints intended for the two approaches would differ tremendously.

In joining process,all joint patterns must consider features such as load factors, assembly effectiveness, operating conditions, overhaul and upkeep, and the materials chosen.

Welding is less costly approach to fabricate two product. It doesn’t need overlapping materials, and so it removes excess weight by other fastening methods. 

Fasteners don’t required to be purchased and stored in stock. Welding also can minimize costs of extra parts, for example angles mounted between parts.

Forming

Metal forming is the manufacturing process in which the metallic components deform the metal but not by removing, cutting, shredding or breaking any part. 

Forming process are Bending, spinning, drawing, and stretching  in manufacturing. 

The metal press such as die and punching tools are implemented for this manufacturing process.

Advantages: – different types components can be manufactured by simply changing the dies.

Disadvantages: High apparatus and tooling are expensive. And Heat treatment must be applied afterwards.

Casting

Casting is a manufacturing process where a solid is dissolved into a liquid, heated to appropriate temperature in sometimes processed required to change its chemical formula, and is then added into a mold or cavity. 

In casting, in just one step, complex or simple shapes can be formed from any kind of metal that has the capability to be melted. 

The end product can have practically any arrangement the designer wants.

Further, the reluctance to working challenges can be improved, directional attributes can be managed, and a pleasing look can be developed.